![]() Hearing loss in divers usually manifests as loss of higher frequencies (acute, high-pitched sounds). Hearing loss can be complete, instant and permanent. Vertigo is usually severe and accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Symptoms of middle-ear barotrauma are often present, but their absence does not rule out inner-ear barotrauma. Symptom onset is usually sudden and often associated with ear equalization issues. If the leak is not stopped soon by spontaneous healing or surgical repair, permanent hearing loss may occur. If a rupture occurs, the loss of fluid from the inner ear leads to damage to the vestibular system, causing sudden hearing loss and often acute vertigo with loss of balance. Pressure waves alone can cause damage to the inner ear without window rupture. As the increased pressure transmits through the cochlear fluid, it causes an outward movement of the round window. The round and oval windows are two thin and delicate tissues that reverberate with sound. ![]() The cochlea is a fluid-filled organ surrounded by soft tissues as well as bone its only weak point is the external wall in the vestibule, which is adjacent to the middle-ear space. The skull is a rigid structure with no capacity to expand, so the result is an increase in intracranial pressure. Pliable blood vessels such as the superior vena cava transmit this increased pressure into the head. This maneuver increases the intrathoracic pressure, which means the pressure is exerted on all intrathoracic organs. The Valsalva maneuver is a common equalization technique. ![]() If the pressure is excessive, the oval window or, more commonly, the round window may tear, and the inner-ear fluid may leak into the middle ear. If you do not equalize the pressure in the middle ear during descent, so the water pressure on the eardrum transfers inward and may damage sensitive inner-ear structures. When you properly equalize the pressure in your middle ear, your risk of inner-ear barotrauma is very low. Balance, orientation and acceleration: The canals provide some of our control of balance and position and help detect acceleration.Auditory: The cochlea turns soundwaves into electrical impulses for the brain.It is part of the central nervous system, and it has two functions: It has three components: the middle-ear cavity, the three ear bones (ossicles) and the mastoid process. This is an air-filled cavity between the eardrum and the inner ear. This includes the ear itself and the ear canal to the eardrum. The human ear has three distinct sections: “Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014”. ![]()
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